Chemistry CFE Practice Test

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• What is the minimum energy that colliding particles must possess to start a reaction?
• What is the function of a salt bridge in a galvanic cell?
• Which technique is used to separate the components of a liquid mixture by boiling point differences?
• Which set of quantum numbers describes electron orbitals, and what does each indicate?
• Which statement correctly describes converting moles to particles?
• Magnesium is in group 2A; how many valence electrons does Mg have?
• In naming covalent molecules, which element is named first?
• In the activity series, which statement is true?
• Activation energy is the energy difference between the reactants and the activated complex. Which option correctly describes this concept?
• Assign oxidation numbers in H2SO4 and identify the oxidation state of sulfur.
• Wavelength and Energy are related in what way?
• What is an empirical formula?
• Which technique is used to separate components dissolved in a liquid or gas, such as the components of ink?
• The empirical formula expresses
• Which term describes the vertical columns on the periodic table?
• Molecular mass represents
• For an element, the basic particle type is?
• Which of the following statements is NOT a postulate of the kinetic molecular theory?
• Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per
• Which of the following is not a factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?
• What is Raoult's law and when does it apply?
• Which gas law states that volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure?
• The excitation of an atom by electromagnetic radiation and the emission of electromagnetic radiation from the excited atom is called what?
• Which law states that pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature?
• Bronsted-Lowry acids are defined as...
• Which technique separates a liquid-liquid mixture with different boiling points?
• Which statement about catalysts is true?
• What defines a complex ion and what does a large formation constant (Kf) indicate regarding color changes?
• The Combined Gas Law relates which variables for a fixed amount of gas?
• Which term describes a property that relates to the senses and can be measured without changing composition?
• Which method separates a liquid-liquid mixture with different boiling points, such as alcohol and water?
• What is the mass number of Potassium-39?
• Which of the following is a strong electrolyte?
• Le Chatelier's principle: what happens to the position of equilibrium if pressure is increased for a gaseous system when the forward reaction reduces the number of gas moles?
• In VSEPR theory, which geometry corresponds to AB2E2 and what is the typical bond angle?
• In naming ionic compounds that include transition metals, what notation is used to indicate the metal's charge?
• When a promoted electron falls back to the lower energy level, what does it do?
• Which principle states that no two electrons can have identical sets of all four quantum numbers?
• What is the rate law for a reaction that is first order in A and zero order in B?
• When can the empirical formula be converted to the molecular formula?
• In a galvanic cell, how is E°cell calculated from the standard reduction potentials?
• A change that alters a substance into new substances?
• What term describes the condition when two bodies at different temperatures exchange heat until no further net heat flow occurs?
• The Combined Gas Law can be derived from Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law.
• Define enthalpy change (ΔH) and explain the sign conventions for exothermic and endothermic reactions.
• Which statement describes the percent composition calculation?
• For the complete combustion of methane, how many O2 molecules are required per mole of CH4?
• Theoretical yield is the amount of product predicted from
• During condensation polymerization, which byproduct is typically released?
• Phase changes occur along lines of equilibrium between phases on a phase diagram.
• Which option correctly matches the four main types of organic reactions with their basic descriptions?
• What is pH and pOH at 25°C?
• Which statement is true about catalysts in chemical reactions?
• Which statement correctly describes electron transfer in ionic bonding?
• In the expression q = m c ΔT, which term represents the specific heat capacity?
• How do you distinguish between an anode and a cathode in an electrochemical cell?
• The pH scale classifies solutions as acidic, neutral, or basic. Which of the following correctly matches the ranges?
• At STP, one mole of any ideal gas occupies how many liters?
• What is Hess's Law, and how is it used to calculate enthalpy changes?
• Define Ksp and explain how to determine if a salt will precipitate.
• Planck's constant value?
• On a phase diagram, what does the line representing a phase boundary indicate?
• Which term describes the ability of a substance to react?
• What is the balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane?
• Which factor, when increased, typically increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing more energy to the particles?
• Which statement correctly defines a sigma bond and a pi bond?
• Why do elements in the same group have similar reactivity?
• Which statement best defines a Bronsted-Lowry base?
• Which of the following statements correctly identifies the infrared regions for O-H and C=O groups?
• At equilibrium for a simple reaction, what is true about the forward and reverse rates?
• Ionic bonding occurs between which types of elements?
• Which of the following factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
• In the equation q = m c ΔT, what is q when ΔT is zero?
• Define limiting reactant and describe how to identify it in stoichiometry problems.
• In a single-replacement reaction, which metal can displace another from a compound?
• Which statement describes a homogeneous mixture?
• Which term names the major vertical categories on the periodic table, such as Alkali Metals and Halogens?
• Which principle states that electrons fill the lowest energy level first?
• Which term describes a mixture consisting of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own properties?
• Excess reactant is
• Which rule states that electrons fill all empty orbitals in a subshell with parallel spins before pairing?
• If ΔH is positive, the process is which type of heat change?
• If a reaction is first order in A and zero order in B, what is the effect on the rate when [A] doubles at constant temperature?
• In a complex ion system, what does a large formation constant (Kf) indicate about the complex's stability and its likelihood of color change upon ligand binding?
• Which bond type involves a delocalized electron sea and yields good electrical conductivity and malleability?
• Which term describes the smallest unit of an ionic compound?
• Wavelength and Frequency are related in what way?
• What is the difference between molarity and molality?
• Valence electrons are defined as which electrons?
• In the kinetic molecular theory, what causes gas pressure?
• Which expression converts particles to moles?
• Limiting reactant is defined as
• What term describes the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more substances?
• Which method is used to separate a solid from a liquid by filtering, such as sand from water?
• Molar mass is expressed in
• What term describes a mixture that is NOT uniform in composition, e.g., oil and water?
• Under Boyle's Law, if the volume of a gas is halved at constant temperature, what happens to the pressure?
• How is the equilibrium constant Kc related to the forward and reverse rate constants for a simple reaction?
• Calculate the average atomic mass of iron given natural abundances: 15% iron-55 and 85% iron-56.
• Which process is used to separate dissolved substances from their solvent by evaporating the solvent and allowing the solute to crystallize?
• Phase change from solid to liquid.
• Which orbital holds 6 electrons at maximum occupancy?
• Which separation technique is based on differential interactions with a stationary phase and is commonly used to separate components dissolved in a liquid or gas?
• Which orbital holds 14 electrons at maximum occupancy?
• What distinguishes enantiomers from diastereomers?
• Which of the following changes would generally increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
• Which term describes a homogeneous mixture?
• How does temperature generally affect the solubility of solids in water?
• Valence electrons are electrons located in which region?
• The first step in determining percent composition is to determine:
• What is the Kelvin equivalent of 25°C?
• Phase change from liquid to solid.
• Which statement correctly matches a bond type with its defining characteristic?
• In a balanced chemical equation, what is the purpose of the coefficients?
• To convert grams to moles, you divide by what?
• Actual yield is
• What does Ksp stand for?
• How can you determine the percent yield of a reaction?
• Which term describes a mixture with uniform composition? i.e., a homogeneous mixture
• Compare Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases.
• What is the spin quantum number m_s, and how does it relate to the Pauli exclusion principle?
• Which term best describes substances that increase the rate without being consumed?
• What is the difference between standard enthalpy of formation and standard enthalpy of combustion?
• What is the equation for the Ideal Gas Law?
• If the activation energy of a reaction is lowered by a catalyst, what happens to the rate of reaction?
• What term describes a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy?
• Which particle has a neutral charge and is located in the nucleus?
• In NMR, what does the presence of splitting indicate?
• What is the first step in balancing chemical equations?
• Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) are defined as which conditions?
• How many electrons can a d subshell hold at most?
• Definite shape and definite volume correspond to which state of matter?
• Carbon is in group 4A; how many valence electrons does carbon have?
• In the acid-catalyzed hydration of an asymmetric alkene, which outcome reflects Markovnikov's rule?
• Which sequence correctly converts grams to particles?
• Which statement about ionic bonds is true?
• In the equation q = m c ΔT, which term represents the temperature change?
• Phase change from liquid to gas.
• If ΔH is negative, the process is which type?
• According to the material, electronegativity increases left to right across a period and upward on the periodic table. Which property does this describe?
• In a galvanic cell, the cathode is where reduction occurs.
• Activation energy is the energy difference between the reactants and which point on the energy diagram?
• What is a buffer and how does it maintain pH when small amounts of acid or base are added?
• State the standard state for thermodynamic quantities and why it matters.
• Which statement about strong acids is true?
• Which type of bonding involves sharing of valence electrons between atoms?
• Differentiate addition polymerization from condensation polymerization.
• What is the pH of a neutral solution at standard room temperature?
• What term describes a mixture with uniform composition throughout, also called a solution, such as salt water?
• How many electrons can an f subshell hold at most?
• Which statement best describes the general trend of solubility for solids in water as temperature increases?
• One or more substances changing into new substances; commonly known as a chemical reaction.
• Which statement correctly describes the IR identification of O-H and C=O groups?
• Percent yield is calculated as
• Which state of matter has a definite shape and definite volume?
• What does a coefficient in a chemical equation represent?
• What is the state called when heat flows from a hotter region to a cooler region until temperatures are equal?
• In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of what?
• Which pair is typically present in a buffer?
• Which statement correctly describes a closed system in thermodynamics?
• Which gas law is described by P1V1 = P2V2 when temperature is constant?
• In the reaction 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O, with 3.0 mol H2 and 2.0 mol O2, what is the maximum amount of H2O that can form?
• Mole-to-mole calculations are used to determine
• Name and characterize four main types of organic reactions: addition, substitution, elimination, and rearrangement.
• In the ideal gas law PV = nRT, what does V denote?
• In the half-reaction MnO4- + 8 H+ + 5 e− → Mn2+ + 4 H2O, which species is reduced, and is this the reduction or oxidation half-reaction?
• When naming ionic compounds, what ending is added to the nonmetal to form the anion?
• What information does NMR spectroscopy provide about a molecule?
• In PV = nRT, what does R represent?
• Which property is described as increasing across periods and groups in the material?
• Which operation converts moles to particles?
• What is Avogadro's number?
• Arrhenius bases are defined as substances that...
• Which statement about strong bases is true?
• In the isotopes Potassium-39 and Potassium-40, which quantity is different between the two?
• Which separation method is used to separate a solid from a liquid, such as sand from water?
• Which particle has a negative charge and is located outside the nucleus?
• What happens when an electron in an outer shell absorbs a photon of electromagnetic energy?
• Mass number equals the sum of which particles?
• What is the particle type for a covalent compound?
• Which statement describes the force that holds ionic bonds together?
• What term describes a property that can be observed or measured without changing the substance?
• The atomic number of an atom corresponds to which quantity?
• Which particle has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus?
• Which term describes the phase change from solid to liquid?
• Indefinite shape and indefinite volume correspond to which state of matter?
• What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single s orbital?
• Which process is the change from a solid directly to a gas?
• Which gas law is commonly summarized as PV = nRT?
• Which statement best describes splitting patterns in NMR?
• Which statement about standard state conditions is true?
• Molar mass is measured in grams per mole; molecular mass is measured in atomic mass units.
• What is the value of the speed of light constant?
• The average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to which temperature scale?
• In VSEPR theory, what is the geometry for AB2E2 and AB3?
• A change that alters a substance without changing its composition.
• Which statement correctly defines Arrhenius acids?
• Valence electrons are defined as electrons in which region of an atom?
• Indefinite shape and definite volume correspond to which state of matter?
• What is activation energy and how does it affect the rate of a reaction at a constant temperature?
• How does effective nuclear charge change across a period, and how does this affect atomic radius?
• Isotopes have the same number of protons.
• How many electrons can a p subshell hold at most?
• Describe how to perform a titration to determine the concentration of a monoprotic acid and identify the equivalence point.
• Which statement is NOT a postulate of the kinetic molecular theory?
• What is the effect of a catalyst on activation energy and the overall energy profile (ΔH) of a reaction?
• Which term describes the process of promoting an electron to a higher energy shell by absorbing energy?
• Which type of change results in one or more new substances?
• Which statement about the Ideal Gas Constant R is true?
• Which quantity must be known to compute a component's percent by mass in a compound?
• Which value is correct for the Ideal Gas Constant R when using liters, atmospheres, moles, and kelvin?
• The elements Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and Tellurium belong to which category?
• If a photon’s frequency doubles, what happens to its energy?
• Representative elements use which designation to determine their valence electrons?
• Which bond type typically yields a material with high melting points and conducts electricity when molten?
• Which pair of formulas is used to calculate pH and pOH?
• In naming covalent molecules, which statement is true regarding prefixes?
• How does NMR spectroscopy help determine molecular structure?
• In terms of units, Planck's constant has units of what?
• Which statement correctly describes the maximum electrons for subshells in order S, P, D, F?
• State the Octet Rule and identify common exceptions.
• What is checked after balancing?
• In an alcohol, what is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary in terms of the attached carbon?
• Calculate the pH of a 1.0×10^-3 M strong acid solution.
• What effect does a catalyst have on energy barrier?
• Which statement about electrons is true?
• Which groups correspond to non-representative elements, the transition metals?
• Which law expresses that pressure is directly proportional to temperature at constant volume?
• If the reaction quotient Q equals Ksp, what is the state of the system?
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of what?
• Energy and Frequency are related in what way?
• Which statement correctly describes mass number and atomic number?
• Which term describes electrons in the outermost energy level that influence chemical behavior?
• The major groups on the periodic table include Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases. Which term describes these categories?
• The percent by mass formula is:
• Which process is the change from a gas to a solid?
• Which statement correctly defines ΔG and identifies the sign of ΔG° that indicates spontaneity at constant temperature and pressure?
• Which term describes the horizontal rows on the periodic table?
• What is the difference between a strong electrolyte and a weak electrolyte? Give an example of each.